Chinese portrait painters have a long history dating back to the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE). Traditionally, they were commissioned by the wealthy and powerful to create portraits of themselves and their families.
One of the most famous Chinese portrait painters is Qian Xuan (1235–1305), who was known for his realistic and vibrant depictions of his subjects. His works are considered to be among the best examples of Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) portraiture.
During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and Qing dynasty (1644–1912), portrait painting continued to flourish, with many artists specializing in creating portraits of the imperial family and the nobility. One notable painter during this time was Giuseppe Castiglione, an Italian Jesuit who joined the imperial court and became a celebrated portrait painter.
Today, Chinese portrait painting continues to be practiced by artists who, while still influenced by traditional techniques and styles, incorporate modern elements and methods into their work. They may also create portraits not just for the wealthy and powerful, but for everyday people as well.
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